Commonly Confused Words Respectfully and Respectively

3.1 Identify the Characteristics of Different Types of...

TDA 2 3.1 Identify the characteristics of different types of child abuse Abuse means any of the following acts which seriously endanger the physical, mental, or emotional health and safety of the child: The infliction, attempted infliction, or as a result of inadequate supervision, the allowance of the infliction or attempted infliction of physical or mental injury upon the child by a parent or caretaker. The exploitation or overwork of a child by a parent or caretaker. The involvement of the child in any sexual act with a parent or caretaker, or the aiding or toleration by the parent or the caretaker of the child’s sexual involvement with any other person or of the child’s involvement in pornographic displays, or any other involvement†¦show more content†¦As a consequence the Internet has become a significant tool in the distribution of indecent/pseudo photographs and video clips of children and young people. It is used for online banking, buying and selling goods, finding information and for socialising with others. Images can even be downloaded through satellite navigation systems. When we think of the types of abuse it is easier to imagine how this may happen in the real world. There are now significant risks of sexual and emotional abuse for children in the â€Å"Digital world†. This new term, ‘e-safety’, is concerned with the safeguarding of children and young people in the digital world and ensuring that they feel safe when accessing new technology. [pic] [pic] Risks When using internet or new technology: Child sex abusers find the internet or mobile phones a convenient place to participate in a range of child sexualShow MoreRelatedTda 2.2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People. -3.1 Identify the Characteristics of Different Types of Child Abuse.1634 Words   |  7 Pages-3.1 Identify the characteristics of different types of child abuse. There are four categories of abuse: - Physical, Neglect, Emotional and sexual. Physical Abuse Physical abuse is the intentional deliberate use of physical force or violence to hurt or injure a child. It may include slapping, punching, pulling hair, hitting, beating with objects, burning with cigarettes/cooker rings, scalding, shaking, biting, squeezing, cutting, throwing, poisoning, attempting to suffocate/drown or giving inappropriateRead MoreUnit 201 Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 4222-245 Understand the context of supporting individuals with learning disabilities (LD 201) OUTCOME 1 Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. 1.1. Identify four legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability DiscriminationRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 Pagesensure that you refer to the unit additional guidance throughout the completion of these tasks. The following units must be completed for achievement of the qualification. Unit ref Unit no Unit title Unit type Level Credit 1 F/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 SupportRead MoreTda 2.2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People2112 Words   |  9 PagesO 1 1.1. Identify current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. All children have the right to be kept safe and looked after. The United Nations Convention on the rights of a child (1989) is a treaty that sets out the rights and freedoms of all children in a set of 54 articles. Children’s Act 1989: Identifies the responsibilities of parents and professionals who must work to ensure the safety and welfare of the child/young personRead MoreTda 2.2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People.2245 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people is a high priority in the workplace, and certain actions and procedures must be followed to ensure the safety of all children, both inside and outside of school. There are several different areas that must be addressed when considering safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, both within the school environment and the home environment. TDA 2.2 – 1.1. – Current Legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures TheRead MoreTda 2.21843 Words   |  8 PagesTDA 2.2 Task 1 1.1 * Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, including e-safety. These are as follows Children’s act 1989/2004 Education act 2002 ECM/EYFS E safety 2008 Human rights act Equal opportunities act Safeguarding Health and safety Disability Discrimination act/ SENDA 1.2 * Describe the roles of different agencies involved in safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Social services-Read Moreactions to take in response to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused, harmed (including self-harm) or bullied, or may be at risk of harm, abuse or bullying.1852 Words   |  8 Pagesfor by Veronica Cozens, class tutor. The report asks to: 3.1 Define the term ‘safeguarding’ children and identify the characteristics of different types of abuse. 3.3 Describe the actions to take in response to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused, harmed (including self-harm) or bullied, or may be at risk of harm, abuse or bullying. Procedure I have obtained the information from the following sources: Child Protection and Safeguarding Awareness Training For GovernorsRead MoreCashe Level 2 Essay example18123 Words   |  73 Pagesyoung people’s settings TDA 2.1: Child and young person development TDA 2.2: Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people TDA 2.7: Maintain and support relationships with children and young people 21 22 23 29 33 37 41 45  © CACHE 2011 Version 9.0 3 CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) TDA 2.9: Support children and young peoples positive behaviour CCLD MU 2.2: Contribute to the support of child and young person development MU 2Read MoreSafeguarding In Schools Unit 62823 Words   |  12 Pagesincluding e-safety. The concept of safeguarding is to protect children. The need for the improved legislation is so high-profile cases such as the Victoria Climbie death doesn’t happen again and also to make sure that all agencies work together. 1.1- Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. There are many current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of childrenRead MoreSafeguarding Children and Young People Essay2886 Words   |  12 PagesConfidentiality I ensure i always follow these policies and proceedures. 1.2 Describe the roles of different agencies involved in the safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. The different agencies involved are Social Services Police Health Services NSPCC E Safety Council Social Services They are there to work with the families. They are there to decide wether a child is to be removed into the care system. They meet and conduct interviews with families and children and

Case Study Bribery and Corruption in the Public Sector

Question: Describe about an essay "Bribery and corruption in the public sector, is endemic and unavoidable in all societies"? Answer: Introduction The word corruption is a multifaceted and a complex phenomenon. Its origination is rooted in bureaucratic and political institutions. Bribe on the other hand is one of the major components of Corruption. Both corruption and bribery is detrimental to the society and country as whole. The evolution of corruption acts like a hindrance to development of any country. Corruption enables a government to interfere in fields in which they are not needed and as a result the ability to implement policies in areas like environmental regulation, safety regulation, macroeconomic stabilization or other important issues, in which they are relevant is undermined and this proves to be bad for the country. Since corruption covers a wide range of human nature and actions, it is necessary to define corruption and its tool, bribery to understand its effect on the economy as a whole. The word corruption actually means utterly broken first used by Aristotle. In laymans language it means double-dealing or fraudulence exercised by those in power (it can be an elected politician or civil servant or any one in power). We would like to stick to a more clear and distinct definition of Corruption- the abuse of public office for private gain. Corruption in the public sector occurs when a private agent abuses the public official by bribing. Even if bribing is absent, then nepotism or patronage comes in the form of corruption. Corruption that includes bribery, extortion and embezzlement has different forms. Like, Petty Corruption, Grand Corruption, Systematic Corruption, Systematic corruption. Bribery can be defined as the act of influencing the actions of an official in the private agents favor by offering gift or money of dishonest nature. The Blacks Law Dictionary describes bribery as the offering, giving, soliciting or receiving of any valuable item that alters the behavior of the recipient in favor of the one who bribes. Bribery can be in the form of tips, valuable gifts, perk, discount, lucrative contract, donation, unethical promotion etc. For eg. a local train passenger can bribe the ticket checker for travelling without a ticket or an individual can bribe a public official to speed up the work that was pending for months. (Steinberg, 2001) Now that the idea about corruption and bribery found a clear vision in the essay, we now move forward to evaluate its impact on the public sector. Emergence of corruption bribery: To understand the idea of Corruption within government, we need to know what happens in this government and how corruption has link to this. Now, government/public sector is a system whose objective is to improve the lives of the citizens by utilizing the public funds and provide services in the field of administration, defence, public roads, bridges, infrastructures, primary schools, healthcare system without a thought of profit maximization. Now this very definition gives rise to what is called corruption. When the government officials are left with public funds to improve the lives of the common people, it is when the idea of fund laundering creeps into their minds. This gives rise to corruption. For example, a fund allotted to a municipality for the reconstruction of a dilapidated road is tactfully channelized by a government official into their personal accounts and thus money laundering. Bribery being the major tool of corruption evolves within the government sector where the officials may seek bribes for government contracts, government benefits like access to pension or unemployment relief, lower taxes, issuance of exclusive licenses, ignoring illegal activities such as drug dealing or to favor legal proceedings. The different forms of corruption and bribery puts forward a question, can corruption be eradicated in all societies. Answer lies in the concept of corruption being endemic. This means that corruption in the public sector is systematic in nature. Corruption thus, is in the hands of the public agents residing within the system. The paper on Corruption Techniques in public procurement with examples from Hungary dealt with the different techniques of corruption that were used for public procurement. A standard public procurement is said to be good and coordinated if transparency, fair competition and accountability complement each other. A series of interview with the public procurement practitioner revealed information about the corruption techniques and as casted by the Hungarian media includes defining unnecessary needs, tailoring eligibility criteria, using complex contract, selective information provision, unfair scoring and many more, tarnished the image of the public procurement scenario in Hungary. This paper concluded that more than 1500 court cases of Hungary involved the public procurement corruption. (Fazekas, TTth King, n.d.) This paper gave us a view that corruption within the public sector is endemic in nature and such occurrence is prevalent in most countries. Causes Of Corruption Need For A Reform The causes of corruption within the system comes from the concept of dysfunctional government where the public sector employee is discouraged to work productively because of certain factors that include low and diminishing civil service remunerations, deprivation of promotion and lack of other aspects of expansion in work. (Google Books, 2015) The need for a regulatory framework depends on the understanding of the adverse effect of corruption and bribery. Tanzi (1998) sums up the effects as Reduces investment, as a result growth gets reduced. Increases public investment because public projects are easier to manipulate and channelize funds. Declines tax revenue due to corrupt tax and customs administration. Reduces FDI Reduces the real allocation to public projects which deprives the citizen from raising their standard of living, A regression analysis by Mauro (1998) shows that countries with improved corruption index from 6 to 8 (0 is the most corrupt and 10 being the least) will showcase a 4 percentage point rise in its investment rate and a half percentage point increase in its annual rate of per capita GDP growth. Thus a regulatory framework is necessary to stop corruption hindering the path of development. (Iadb.org, 2015). A Regulatory Framework Corruption in the public sector is pervasive in nature and fighting it is a long term process. However proper implementation of anti corruption programme is required can help to reduce corruption. There is a growing awareness among most of the countries to check corruption by sound governance which plays a pivotal role. 15 OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) members invited to exchange their view on tackling corruption, came to the conclusion that law enforcement, investigation and control measures are some of the corruption preventing mechanism(Oecd.org, 2015). In the US, the Department of Justice has galvanized its anti corruption committee. The US government strongly enforces its anti corruption legislative framework including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) which prohibits money laundering, abuse of office, extortion and bribery. The American Anti-Corruption Act depicts three outcomes: Elimination of Political Bribery Increase transparency and stop secret money Establishing citizen funded elections to enable each voter a voice. (Bryancave.com, 2015) The UK has put forward a more intense anti corruption act called the UK Bribery Act, 2010 which promises to strengthen the position of the UK on bribery and corruption and also looks into the aspect of global anti-bribery legislation. The Act includes: All bribery. No exception to facilitation payments. Corporate offense to fail to prevent bribery. Offense not only to offer but to accept bribe. With such promising role of the several anti corruption laws in the US and the UK, it will be possible to deal corruption globally and enhance growth and development in any economy.('The Bribery Act 2010', 2011). Conclusion: Corruption and bribery might seem to be endemic in and its effect cannot be overlooked. From the economics point of view, corruption may not affect the short run efficiency of it means only a transfer of economics rent from a private agent to a government employee. In the long run, in the presence of bribe the public official tend to change the pattern of their work which include speeding up work, accepting contracts put up for bid and also changes the method of awarding a contract. Politically viewing, the creation and allocation of rents by unfair means helps to catapult the political purposes by rewarding supporters, buying opponents, assembling funds for elections etc. This results in a barrier to capital accumulation and growth for the economy. (Martinez-Vazquez, Arze del Granado Boex, 2007) Countries are realizing their role to prevent corruption and bribery at an alarming rate. So the anti corruption programs must be implemented judiciously in all countries to help an economy grow. The pattern of corruption can be altered only by altering the structure of power accumulated in the hands of corrupted officials. This is possible by a better functioning of a sound government. (Johnston, 2010) Corruption in the public sector erupts within the system giving rise to several hindrances to the growth and development of the economy. Thus Corruption is unavoidable in all societies. And there is an urgent need to stop corruption and bribery, in order to make lives of the citizens easier. (Andersson Bergman, 2009) References: Andersson, S., Bergman, T. (2009). Controlling Corruption in the Public Sector. Scandinavian Political Studies, 32(1), 45-70. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00222.x Bryancave.com,. (2015). Bryan Cave | Services | Global Anti-Corruption/Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Team. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.bryancave.com/gact/ Fazekas, M., TTth, I., King, L. Corruption Manual for Beginners: 'Corruption Techniques' in Public Procurement with Examples from Hungary. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2333354 Google Books, (2015). Public Sector Corruption an International Survey of Prevention Measures. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3Km3s7ikN84Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=corruption+in+the+public+sectorhl=ensa=Xei=FtrRVMHPAdbz8gWe_YDABQredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=corruption%20in%20the%20public%20sectorf=false Iadb.org, (2015). The Fight Against Corruption: A World Bank Perspective. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.iadb.org/regions/re2/consultative _group/groups/transparency_workshop6.htm Johnston, M. (2010). Public sector corruption. London: SAGE. Martinez-Vazquez, J., Arze del Granado, J., Boex, J. (2007). Fighting corruption in the public sector. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Oecd.org,. (2015). Fighting corruption in the public sector - OECD. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/ Steinberg, F. (2001). Helping Countries Combat Corruption Progress at the World Bank since 1997.Habitat International, 25(4), 617-618. doi:10.1016/s0197-3975(00)00039-4 The Bribery Act 2010. (2011). Structural Survey, 29(1). doi:10.1108/ss.2011.11029aab.005